3/3/2023 0 Comments Tent in quarantino![]() ![]() Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Quarantine and Isolation.” Last modified October 24, 2011. Quarantine occurs when those people who belong in the yellow circle have their movement restricted as well. Isolation is established when those people who belong in the red circle are restricted in their movements. The time between when a pathogen enters the body and when it first causes symptoms is the incubation period. Until they do so in sufficient numbers, they are often overlooked by the immune system. 8 Pathogenic bacteria take time to grow and multiply within their host. 7 Many microorganisms exhibit a small tolerance range for heat by increasing the temperature of the environment in which they grow (the body), the immune system attempts to kill invading pathogens. An excellent example of an immune response symptom is a fever, which is the body’s attempt to control the spread of harmful microbes through internal temperature regulation. Sometimes, the symptoms occur due to the response of the immune system in its attempt to fight off the infection. Symptoms of a disease are not always caused by the pathogen itself. Anyone who carries a pathogen responsible for a disease is considered infected, though not all carriers may be symptomatic (figure 2). 5 Koch’s contemporaries were trained to believe that, “most diseases were caused by miasmas, undisciplined lifestyles, and anything other than tiny living organisms.” 6Īn important offshoot of germ theory and an idea pivotal to the technology of quarantine is the notion of the incubation period of disease. 2 In 1876, German physician Robert Koch “traced the life history of the organism responsible for anthrax, a disease of cattle and sheep.” 3 Six years later, in 1882, Koch successfully traced tuberculosis, “first human disease microorganism.” 4 Though Koch’s discovery was monumental in retrospect, germ theory did not become part of scientific and medical canon until the early twentieth century. Germ theory, first postulated in the mid-nineteenth century, was supported by the work of Louis Pasteur, who published his findings in 1861. The key concept utilized in true quarantine is germ theory, which holds that microscopic organisms called bacteria are the cause of disease. The historical significance and impact of quarantine cannot be understood without distinguishing the scientific principles that quarantine employs. Throughout much of early epidemiological history, isolation, not quarantine, was the primary method of halting the spread of pandemics, because people did not understand the concept of an incubation period. However, for the purposes of this article, isolations will be examined as a precursor of true quarantines. Quarantine differs greatly from isolation it requires a theoretical knowledge about the causes and methods of disease transmission. In addition, due to the prevalence of quarantines following the Black Death, only a few case studies after that plague will be discussed. Quarantine, as a technology, will be examined only in the context of Europe and the United States up to the year 1850, as scientific advances made following the Industrial Revolution led to rapid and varied medicinal responses to disease outbreaks besides traditional quarantines. This article aims to better define quarantine within the parameters of human technology and, therefore, to gain a deeper understanding of its uses in relation to advancements made in science and medicine. This paper focuses most heavily on the latter history of quarantine, as more primary sources exist from those time periods. ![]() As an understanding of diseases and employment of quarantines evolved, documentation regarding their use increased. Early in the history of human civilizations, isolation and confinement of ill persons were the predecessors of quarantine. Quarantines have been employed for thousands of years as safeguards against the spread of disease. “Miniature out of the Toggenburg Bible.” 1411. ![]()
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